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* @license Apache-2.0
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*
* ## Notice
*
* The original C code, long comment, copyright, license, and constants are from [Cephes]{@link http://www.netlib.org/cephes}. The implementation follows the original, but has been modified for JavaScript.
*
* ```text
* Copyright 1984, 1995, 2000 by Stephen L. Moshier
*
* Some software in this archive may be from the book _Methods and Programs for Mathematical Functions_ (Prentice-Hall or Simon & Schuster International, 1989) or from the Cephes Mathematical Library, a commercial product. In either event, it is copyrighted by the author. What you see here may be used freely but it comes with no support or guarantee.
*
* Stephen L. Moshier
* moshier@na-net.ornl.gov
* ```
*/
'use strict';
// TODO: replace with TOMS (Openlibm) algo (updating license header and long comment)
// MODULES //
var FLOAT32_MAX_BASE2_EXPONENT = require( '@stdlib/constants/float32/max-base2-exponent' ); // eslint-disable-line id-length
var FLOAT32_MIN_BASE2_EXPONENT = require( '@stdlib/constants/float32/min-base2-exponent' ); // eslint-disable-line id-length
var roundf = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/roundf' );
var ldexpf = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/ldexpf' );
var isnanf = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nanf' );
var float64ToFloat32 = require( '@stdlib/number/float64/base/to-float32' );
var PINF = require( '@stdlib/constants/float32/pinf' );
var polyvalP = require( './polyval_p.js' );
var polyvalQ = require( './polyval_q.js' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Evaluates the base `2` exponential function.
*
* ## Method
*
* - Range reduction is accomplished by separating the argument into an integer \\( k \\) and fraction \\( f \\) such that
*
* ```tex
* 2^x = 2^k 2^f
* ```
*
* - A Pade' approximate
*
* ```tex
* 1 + 2x \frac{\mathrm{P}\left(x^2\right)}{\mathrm{Q}\left(x^2\right) - x \mathrm{P}\left(x^2\right)}
* ```
*
* approximates \\( 2^x \\) in the basic range \\( \[-0.5, 0.5] \\).
*
* ## Notes
*
* - Relative error:
*
* | arithmetic | domain | # trials | peak | rms |
* |:----------:|:-----------:|:--------:|:-------:|:-------:|
* | IEEE | -1022,+1024 | 30000 | 1.8e-16 | 5.4e-17 |
*
* @param {number} x - input value
* @returns {number} function value
*
* @example
* var v = exp2f( 3.0 );
* // returns 8.0
*
* @example
* var v = exp2f( -9.0 );
* // returns ~0.002
*
* @example
* var v = exp2f( 0.0 );
* // returns 1.0
*
* @example
* var v = exp2f( NaN );
* // returns NaN
*/
function exp2f( x ) {
var px;
var xx;
var n;
if ( isnanf( x ) ) {
return x;
}
if ( x > FLOAT32_MAX_BASE2_EXPONENT ) {
return PINF;
}
if ( x < FLOAT32_MIN_BASE2_EXPONENT ) {
return float64ToFloat32( 0.0 );
}
// Separate into integer and fractional parts...
n = float64ToFloat32( roundf( x ) );
x -= float64ToFloat32( n );
xx = float64ToFloat32( x * x );
px = float64ToFloat32( x * polyvalP( xx ) );
x = float64ToFloat32( px / float64ToFloat32( ( polyvalQ( xx ) - px ) ) );
x = float64ToFloat32( 1.0 ) + ldexpf( x, 1 );
// Scale by power of 2:
return float64ToFloat32( ldexpf( x, n ) );
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = exp2f;
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